Waterfowl-habitat associations during winter in an urban North Atlantic estuary

Coastal habitats near urban centres in North Atlantic estuaries often support substantial numbers of wintering waterfowl, but little is known of the effects of landscape setting and urbanisation on habitat use. We conducted surveys of waterfowl at 32 wintering sites in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, to identify characteristics that may influence habitat use. Sites were chosen along a gradient of urbanisation and reflected the dominant habitat types used by waterfowl in the Bay. Mean waterfowl abundance was 206.7 ± 209.5 birds per site, and sites in the inner part of the estuary had higher overall waterfowl abundances (r² = 0.40, p = 0.021). Species richness ranged from 3.2 to 13.0 and decreased with increasing hunting activity (r² = 0.36, p = 0.040). Hunting activity and habitat characteristics (e.g., latitude, shoreline configuration, prey density) explained 13-27% of the variation in waterfowl abundance and species richness among sites, but landscape characteristics (e.g., surrounding residential development, vegetated land, or wetland surrounding the sites and the extent of wetland edge) explained an additional 1-26%. The landscape characteristics extent of adjacent residential development and vegetated upland were the most common variables entering into the models; most species were more abundant at sites with more adjacent vegetated upland and less adjacent residential development. Our results suggest that landscape setting may be influencing the distribution of wintering waterfowl, and should be considered when developing strategies for the conservation for these species in urban North Atlantic estuaries.     

On the Analysis of EMCS and Its Application in the Project of Shenzhen Underground

In this paper, the selection of type, function and technological requirements of EMCS for Shenzhen Underground has been introduced.Based on the investigation for EMCS's worldwide applications and the analysis of practice in Shenzhen Underground, the comparison and selection of PLC and DDC have been done completely.At the same time,the introduction of EMCS is organized by the center level, station level and the spot level.     

杭州湾滨海湿地CH4排放通量的研究

2013年4—9月,利用静态明箱–气相色谱法对杭州湾裸滩湿地、海三棱藨草湿地、芦苇湿地和互花米草湿地CH4排放通量进行了原位观测,并利用室内厌氧培养法测定了0~30 cm深度的土壤CH4产生潜力。结果表明:整体而言,裸滩湿地表现为CH4的吸收源,CH4排放通量春季高、夏季低;海三棱藨草湿地、芦苇湿地和互花米草湿地表现为CH4的排放源,CH4排放通量均呈现夏季高、春秋季低的季节变化。平均CH4排放通量表现为:互花米草湿地(1.589 mg/(m2·h))芦苇湿地(0.722 mg/(m2·h))海三棱藨草湿地(0.218 mg/(m2·h))裸滩湿地(–0.068 mg/(m2·h)),互花米草湿地各月CH4排放通量均显著高于其他湿地。0~30 cm深度平均土壤CH4产生潜力表现为:互花米草湿地(0.050μg/(g·d)芦苇湿地(0.042μg/(g·d))裸滩湿地(0.030μg/(g·d)海三棱藨草湿地(0.027μg/(g·d)),互花米草湿地各土层CH4产生潜力显著高于其他湿地(除0~5 cm外)。裸滩湿地土壤CH4产生潜力没有明显的空间垂直变化趋势,CH4产生潜力最大值、最小值分别出现在10~20 cm和5~10 cm土层。其他3类湿地0~5 cm土层的CH4产生潜力最大,土壤CH4产生潜力整体上随着土壤深度的增加而减小;海三棱藨草湿地和芦苇湿地5~10 cm土层的CH4产生潜力最小,互花米草湿地20~30 cm土层的CH4产生潜力最小。土壤p H、有机碳和全氮含量对CH4排放通量有显著的影响。     

基于高分辨率卫星图像的深圳特区市政绿地结构特征分析

基于“Quickbird”卫星遥感数据对深圳特区市级公园及市政道路绿地现状进行判读,并结合实地调查数据进行比较分析。结果表明,判读结果与实地调查数据相符程度较高,尤其是面积相对较大的公园绿地;对于以乔木为主的分车道绿地,由于判读为覆盖面积,与调查面积出现一定差异;深圳市市政公园绿地中乔灌草所占比例最大,其次为乔草和草坪;市政道路绿地与公园绿地相比,乔木、乔草、灌草、灌木类型比例均有所上升,草坪面积大幅减少,乔灌草复合结构依然占绝对优势。     

上海地区水产养殖和长江口与杭州湾水域环境的关系

据长江口、杭州湾渔业水域环境状况与我国水产养殖特点，分析研究了水产养殖和水环境的相互关系。目前两水域已受到无机氮、有机物、活性磷、石油类、重金属等不同程度的污染，并且这些物质的含量均已超过我国渔业水质标准或一类海水标准。而两水域具有重要的渔业经济价值，其沿岸地域是上海市等地区海产品养殖基地。两水域的污染状况，影响了该地区水产业的健康发展；目前水产养殖所采用的高密度、高投饵率、高换水率的传统养殖法也是造成水域环境污染的因素之一。为此提出应及早研究和制定长江口与杭州湾环境容量基准和上海沿岸地区养殖容量基准、尽快完善有关法律与法规制定、强化执法与管理、提高沿岸排放废水处理的强度、建立水资源收费和排废配额制度等建议。     

基于ETM＋影像的深圳城市绿地空间异质性研究

[目的]探讨不同绿地类型的空间异质性对其相应的生态效果及功能的影响。[方法]利用ETM＋影像将城市绿地划分为公园绿地、附属绿地和其他绿地3种类型,利用地统计学的原理方法对其空间异质性进行了分析。[结果]不同绿地类型的空间异质性存在较大差异,空间异质性尺度具有“附属绿地＜其他绿地＜公园绿地”的规律。[结论]说明了不同绿地类型对生态功能和过程起作用的尺度是不同的;同时也说明半方差函数图的形状与地物的空间范围、大小及变化等都有关;但在不同方向上的半方差函数差异不显著,近似或趋于各向同性。     

Reproductive biology of the female Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria (Stomatopoda) in relation to changes in the seasonal pattern of larval occurrence in Tokyo Bay, Japan

ABSTRACT:   The reproductive traits and the monthly larval abundance of the mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria were investigated in Tokyo Bay, Japan, in 2002. The goal of the study was to elucidate the cause of changes in the monthly pattern of larval abundance from the 1980s to the 1990s as these changes relate to variation in the stock size of the adult shrimp. Oogenesis was divided into 10 stages by histological observation. The developmental stage of oocytes in an individual's ovary was synchronous, suggesting that almost all the oocytes in an ovary are spawned at the same time. The size at first maturity was estimated to be 7 ≤ body length ( BL ) < 8 cm. Fecundity was expressed as a function of BL , ranging from 19 300 eggs for 8 cm BL to 92 100 eggs for 14 cm BL . Small female shrimps (<10 cm BL ) spawned around August. Most large female shrimps (≥10 cm BL ) spawned around May, and some large female shrimps also spawned until September. Although most large female shrimps spawned in spring, the larval abundance was low before July and high from August onwards. The results suggest that a substantial decrease in the stock size of large individuals causes the low larval abundance before July.     

Layout and Systematic Structure of Ecological Landscaping Forest in Shenzhen

INTRODUCTION Shenzhen is located in southern part of Guangdong province, in northern part of Jiulong peninsula. It is between 22o 26′ 59′′~22o 21′49′′ N and 113 o45′4′′ ~114o 37′21′′ E, east to Daya bay, south to Hongkong, west to Pearl River estuary, north to Dongguan and Huizhou. The area of Shenzhen is 2 020 km2 and the population in 2001 was about 4.687 million. The annual mean temperature is 22.4 oC, and the annual mean rainfall is 1 523.5~2 206.6 mm. The annual mean…     

深圳市河流湿地生态风险的AHP决策分析与管理对策研究

采用AHP程序分析方法,研究并提出了深圳市河流退化湿地生态风险评判与管理措施的指标体系,该体系包括4个风险源和12个管理措施指标;对B层判断矩阵单排序及一致性检验结果表明:人类威胁是河流湿地退化主要的风险源,其权重值W1=0.5531,一致性检验系数CI=0.0500<0.1;对C层判断矩阵单排序及一致性检验结果证明,针对不同风险源应采取不同的管理措施;层次总排序结果认为,控制沿河湿地过度开发、调节流量控制洪水和规范农业养殖业及旅游业3项管理措施,对总目标有较大贡献,其有效性依次为30.47%,19.62%和12.36%,这3项措施是当前治理深圳市河流湿地退化最有效的措施。